DATABASE : A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, stored electronically in a computer system. DATASTRUCTURE USED BY DATABASE: The most frequently used data structures for one-dimensional database indexes are dynamic tree-structured indexes such as B/B+-Trees and hash-based indexes using extendible and linear hashing. DBMS(DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM): A Database Management System (DBMS) is software designed to store, retrieve, update, define, and manage data in a database. NEEDS OF DBMS: ü Controlling redundancy(redundancy refers to repeated instances(The situation where a data or information is stored in the database at a particular moment of time is called an instance.) of the same data.) and inconsistency. A DBMS uses data normalization to avoid redundancy and duplicates. ü Efficient memory management and indexing ü Concurrency control (Concurrency Control in Database Management System is a procedure of ma...